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F Distribution and Moment Boundaries

Form a ratio of normalized variances and discover when its moments stop existing.

Free theory article

Form a ratio of normalized variances and discover when its moments stop existing.

Concept & interpretation

The F-distribution arises as the ratio of two independent chi-square random variables, each divided by its respective degrees of freedom. It plays a fundamental role in analysis of variance (ANOVA) and testing hypotheses about variances.

Experiment

Observe how the shape and properties of the F-distribution change as you adjust the degrees of freedom.

  1. Open the F Distribution and Moment Boundaries module.
  2. Select Numerator df to 4 and Denominator df to 2. Notice that the mean and variance become undefined because the heavy tail drops off too slowly.
  3. Change the Numerator df to 1 and the Probe x to 0. Notice that the density near x=0 becomes unbounded (it shoots up to infinity).
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