Riano Complete Module Index

This page lists all interactive math, science, computer science, and machine learning modules published on Riano. Each module includes an interactive visualization and a theory companion article.

Total modules: 234 · Updated: 2026-03-26

A* Pathfinding

Finds the shortest path on a grid using heuristics.

  • Category: cs
  • Added: 2026-03-18

A/B Testing

Compare conversion rate distributions to evaluate statistical significance and power.

  • Category: probability
  • Added: 2026-03-23

Activation Functions

Visualize and compare common neural network activation functions.

  • Category: ml
  • Added: 2026-03-23

Affine Transformations

Visualize transformation consisting of a linear map followed by a translation.

  • Category: linear-algebra
  • Added: 2026-03-23

Arc Length & Surface Area

Visualize how integrals are used to calculate the length of curves and the surface area of solids of revolution.

  • Category: calculus
  • Added: 2026-03-22

Autoencoder

Visualize the encoding and decoding process of data through a bottleneck layer.

  • Category: ml
  • Added: 2026-03-24

AVL Tree Rotations

Visualize self-balancing binary search trees through balance factors and rotations.

  • Category: cs
  • Added: 2026-03-23

B-Tree Visualization

Visualize B-Tree node splitting, key insertion, and tree balancing with customizable degree parameters.

  • Category: cs
  • Added: 2026-03-24

Backpropagation

Visualize the gradient flow and weight updates in a neural network.

  • Category: ml
  • Added: 2026-03-20

Batch Normalization

Visualize the effects of batch normalization on neural network activations.

  • Category: ml
  • Added: 2026-03-23

Bayes' Theorem

A fundamental theorem for updating probabilities based on new evidence.

  • Category: probability
  • Added: 2026-03-19

Bellman-Ford Algorithm

Visualize the shortest path algorithm that handles negative edge weights by relaxing all edges in V-1 iterations.

  • Category: cs
  • Added: 2026-03-25

Benford's Law

Visualize how the leading digits of many real-life numerical datasets follow a logarithmic distribution.

  • Category: probability
  • Added: 2026-03-23

Beta Distribution

Explore the Beta distribution and the effect of its shape parameters.

  • Category: probability
  • Added: 2026-03-23

Bezier Curves

Parametric curves for computer graphics.

  • Category: linear-algebra
  • Added: 2024-03-19

Bias-Variance Tradeoff

Visualize how model complexity affects the tradeoff between bias (underfitting) and variance (overfitting).

  • Category: ml
  • Added: 2026-03-20

Binary Search

Finding elements in sorted data by halving the search space.

  • Category: cs
  • Added: 2026-03-18

Blackbody Radiation

Visualize the spectral radiance of a blackbody across different temperatures using Planck's Law.

  • Category: physics
  • Added: 2026-03-23

Bloom Filter

Visualize Bloom Filter element insertion, hash function mapping, and false positive probability.

  • Category: cs
  • Added: 2026-03-23

Bootstrapping

Visualize statistical bootstrapping through resampling with replacement to estimate distributions.

  • Category: probability
  • Added: 2026-03-23

Boyle's Law

Exploring the inverse relationship between pressure and volume in an ideal gas at constant temperature.

  • Category: physics
  • Added: 2026-03-18

Brownian Motion

Simulate the random walk of a suspended particle due to microscopic fluid collisions.

  • Category: physics
  • Added: 2026-03-23

Buoyancy & Archimedes

Visualize Archimedes' principle, calculating buoyant force and examining floating objects.

  • Category: physics
  • Added: 2026-03-23

Cayley-Hamilton Theorem

Visualize how every square matrix satisfies its own characteristic equation through vector transformations.

  • Category: linear-algebra
  • Added: 2026-03-25

Central Limit Theorem

Sample means converge to a normal distribution regardless of the population shape.

  • Category: probability
  • Added: 2026-03-18

Centripetal Force

Simulate centripetal force, velocity, mass, and radius in uniform circular motion.

  • Category: physics
  • Added: 2026-03-23

Change of Basis

Visualizing how vector coordinates transform between different coordinate systems.

  • Category: linear-algebra
  • Added: 2026-03-20

Chi-Squared Test

Visualize the Chi-Squared goodness-of-fit test by comparing observed and expected frequencies.

  • Category: probability
  • Added: 2026-03-23

Cholesky Decomposition

Visualize the factorization of a symmetric positive-definite matrix into a lower triangular matrix and its transpose.

  • Category: linear-algebra
  • Added: 2026-03-24

Compton Scattering

Observe the inelastic scattering of photons by electrons to visualize the particle nature of light.

  • Category: physics
  • Added: 2026-03-24

Conditional Probability Tree

Visualize a two-stage process and calculate joint probabilities using a tree structure.

  • Category: probability
  • Added: 2026-03-23

Confidence Intervals

Visualize how confidence intervals capture the true population mean.

  • Category: probability
  • Added: 2026-03-20

Confusion Matrix & Metrics

Adjust predictions and true values to see how accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score react.

  • Category: ml
  • Added: 2026-03-23

Consistent Hashing

Visualize consistent hashing with virtual nodes for distributed caching and load balancing.

  • Category: cs
  • Added: 2026-03-25

Contrastive Learning

Visualize how contrastive learning pulls similar examples together and pushes dissimilar ones apart in embedding space.

  • Category: ml
  • Added: 2026-03-25

Convex Hull

Convex Hull

  • Category: cs
  • Added: 2026-03-19

Convolutional Filter

Visualize how a kernel slides over an input image to produce a feature map via the convolution operation.

  • Category: ml
  • Added: 2026-03-20

Copulas & Joint Distributions

Explore how copulas link marginal distributions to form a joint probability distribution.

  • Category: probability
  • Added: 2026-03-23

Coriolis Effect

Visualize the apparent deflection of moving objects in a rotating reference frame.

  • Category: physics
  • Added: 2026-03-25

Correlation & Covariance

Learn how covariance and correlation measure relationships between random variables and how they differ.

  • Category: probability
  • Added: 2026-03-20

Coulomb's Law & Electric Force

Simulate and visualize the electrostatic force between two point charges based on distance and charge magnitude.

  • Category: physics
  • Added: 2026-03-22

Coupon Collector Problem

Visualize the expected number of random draws required to collect all unique coupons in a set.

  • Category: probability
  • Added: 2026-03-23

Cramer's Rule

Visualize Cramer's Rule for solving a 2x2 system of linear equations.

  • Category: linear-algebra
  • Added: 2026-03-23

Cross Product

Cross Product

  • Category: linear-algebra
  • Added: 2026-03-19

Cross-Validation

Visualize K-Fold cross-validation, model fitting, and training versus validation error.

  • Category: ml
  • Added: 2026-03-23

Curl & Divergence Fields

Visualize curl and divergence fields in vector calculus, exploring fluid flow and vector field operations.

  • Category: calculus
  • Added: 2026-03-24

Data Augmentation Effects

Visualize how image transformations like rotation, scaling, and noise artificially expand training datasets.

  • Category: ml
  • Added: 2026-03-24

Decision Boundaries

Visualize how model complexity and regularization shape the separation between classes.

  • Category: ml
  • Added: 2026-03-19

Decision Tree

A non-parametric supervised learning method for classification.

  • Category: ml
  • Added: 2026-03-19

Determinant & Area

Visualize how a 2x2 matrix transforms the area of a unit square.

  • Category: linear-algebra
  • Added: 2026-03-19

Diagonalization

Visualize matrix diagonalization as changing to an eigenbasis to scale coordinates.

  • Category: linear-algebra
  • Added: 2026-03-23

Differential Equations

Visualizing slope fields and numerical solutions to first-order ordinary differential equations.

  • Category: calculus
  • Added: 2026-03-20

Diffraction Patterns

Observe the interference pattern created by light passing through single and double slits.

  • Category: physics
  • Added: 2026-03-24

Dijkstra's Algorithm

Finding the shortest path in a weighted graph by greedily exploring the nearest unvisited node.

  • Category: cs
  • Added: 2026-03-18

Divergence Theorem

Visualize the relationship between the surface integral of a vector field over a closed surface and the volume integral of its divergence.

  • Category: calculus
  • Added: 2026-03-23

Doppler Effect

Observe how the frequency of a wave changes as the source moves relative to the medium.

  • Category: physics
  • Added: 2026-03-22

Double Pendulum

Simulate the chaotic motion of a double pendulum system.

  • Category: physics
  • Added: 2026-03-23

Double & Triple Integrals

Visualize multi-variable integration by partitioning domains into sub-regions.

  • Category: calculus
  • Added: 2026-03-24

Dropout Regularization

Visualize how randomly disabling neurons during training prevents neural network overfitting.

  • Category: ml
  • Added: 2026-03-23

Eigenvalues & Eigenvectors

Discovering the special directions that remain unchanged under linear transformations.

  • Category: linear-algebra
  • Added: 2026-03-18

Elastic Collision

Simulate 1D elastic collisions between two objects.

  • Category: physics
  • Added: 2026-03-21

Electric Field Lines

Visualizing the electric field created by two point charges.

  • Category: physics
  • Added: 2026-03-20

Ensemble Methods

Combine multiple weak learners to create a single strong model with lower error and greater generalization.

  • Category: ml
  • Added: 2026-03-23

Entropy & Information Theory

Visualize Shannon entropy, probability distributions, and information content for binary and ternary systems.

  • Category: probability
  • Added: 2026-03-24

Epsilon-Delta Limits

Visualize the formal definition of a limit using epsilon and delta bounds.

  • Category: calculus
  • Added: 2026-03-24

Euler's Formula

Visualizing e^(iθ) on the complex plane and the world's most beautiful equation.

  • Category: calculus
  • Added: 2026-03-18

Exponential Distribution

Visualize the exponential distribution PDF and CDF with an adjustable rate parameter.

  • Category: probability
  • Added: 2026-03-24

Extreme Value Distribution

Visualize the Generalized Extreme Value distribution including Gumbel, Fréchet, and Weibull families.

  • Category: probability
  • Added: 2026-03-26

Faraday's Law & Induction

Visualize electromagnetic induction, magnetic flux, and the resulting electromotive force from a rotating coil.

  • Category: physics
  • Added: 2026-03-23

Feature Importance (SHAP)

Visualize SHAP values to explain machine learning model predictions based on feature contributions.

  • Category: ml
  • Added: 2026-03-24

Fibonacci & Golden Ratio

Exploring the Fibonacci sequence and its connection to the golden ratio.

  • Category: calculus
  • Added: 2026-03-18

Fisher Information

Visualize Fisher Information and the Cramér-Rao bound for normal distribution parameter estimation.

  • Category: probability
  • Added: 2026-03-26

Fixed Point Iteration

Visualize fixed-point iteration and cobweb plots for finding roots of functions.

  • Category: calculus
  • Added: 2026-03-24

Floyd-Warshall Algorithm

Visualize the dynamic programming approach to finding shortest paths between all pairs of vertices in a weighted graph.

  • Category: cs
  • Added: 2026-03-23

Fluid Dynamics

Interactive fluid dynamics simulation.

  • Category: physics
  • Added: 2026-03-19

Fourier Transform

Decompose a complex wave into simple sine waves.

  • Category: calculus
  • Added: 2026-03-18

Gambler's Ruin Problem

Visualizes the classic gambler's ruin random walk and explores ruin probabilities over time.

  • Category: probability
  • Added: 2026-03-21

Generative Adversarial Network

Visualize the generator mapping latent noise to a target distribution while the discriminator learns to separate real from fake.

  • Category: ml
  • Added: 2026-03-22

Givens Rotation

Visualize how a Givens rotation zeroes out specific elements in a vector while preserving its norm.

  • Category: linear-algebra
  • Added: 2026-03-24

Gradient & Contour Plots

Visualize the relationship between scalar fields and their gradient vector fields.

  • Category: calculus
  • Added: 2026-03-21

Gradient Descent

Finding the minimum of a cost function.

  • Category: ml
  • Added: 2025-03-17

Graph Traversal (BFS/DFS)

Visualize how Breadth-First and Depth-First Search algorithms navigate through graph data structures.

  • Category: cs
  • Added: 2026-03-18

Green's Theorem

Visualize the relationship between a line integral around a simple closed curve and a double integral over the plane region it encloses.

  • Category: calculus
  • Added: 2026-03-23

Harmonic Oscillation

Simulating spring-mass systems and damping.

  • Category: physics
  • Added: 2025-03-17

Heat Conduction Simulation

Simulate the transfer of heat through a 2D material using the heat equation and finite difference method.

  • Category: physics
  • Added: 2026-03-24

Hooke's Law & Elasticity

Visualize the relationship between force, spring constant, and displacement in elastic materials.

  • Category: physics
  • Added: 2026-03-23

Householder Reflection

Visualize how a Householder matrix reflects a vector across a hyperplane.

  • Category: linear-algebra
  • Added: 2026-03-24

Huffman Coding

Visualize character frequencies, tree building, and prefix-free encoding.

  • Category: cs
  • Added: 2026-03-23

Hypothesis Testing

Visualize the relationship between significance level, effect size, and statistical power in a two-tailed Z-test.

  • Category: probability
  • Added: 2026-03-19

Improper Integrals

Visualize the convergence and divergence of improper integrals with infinite intervals or infinite discontinuities.

  • Category: calculus
  • Added: 2026-03-23

Inner Product Spaces

Visualize how different inner products change the concepts of length, angle, and orthogonality.

  • Category: linear-algebra
  • Added: 2026-03-24

Iterative Solvers (Jacobi)

Visualize the convergence of the Jacobi iterative method for solving systems of linear equations.

  • Category: linear-algebra
  • Added: 2026-03-25

Jacobian Transformation

Visualize how 2D coordinate transformations scale local areas using the Jacobian determinant.

  • Category: calculus
  • Added: 2026-03-23

Jordan Normal Form

Visualize continuous phase portraits and canonical forms of 2x2 Jordan blocks.

  • Category: linear-algebra
  • Added: 2026-03-23

Julia Set

A complex fractal exploring the boundary of bounded orbits for a fixed parameter c.

  • Category: calculus
  • Added: 2026-03-19

K-D Tree

Visualize the construction of a K-D tree and nearest neighbor search in 2D space.

  • Category: cs
  • Added: 2026-03-25

K-Means Clustering

Partitioning data into clusters by iteratively assigning points and updating centroids.

  • Category: ml
  • Added: 2026-03-18

Kaplan-Meier Estimator

Estimate time-to-event outcomes and survival probabilities using the Kaplan-Meier estimator.

  • Category: probability
  • Added: 2026-03-24

Kernel Density Estimation

Visualize non-parametric density estimation using different kernel functions and bandwidths.

  • Category: probability
  • Added: 2026-03-23

Knapsack Problem

Optimize resource allocation by maximizing total value within a given weight capacity constraint.

  • Category: cs
  • Added: 2026-03-24

Knowledge Distillation

Transfer knowledge from a large teacher model to a smaller student model using temperature scaling.

  • Category: ml
  • Added: 2026-03-25

Kronecker Product

Visualize how the Kronecker product combines two matrices to form a larger block matrix.

  • Category: linear-algebra
  • Added: 2026-03-25

L'Hôpital's Rule

Evaluate limits of indeterminate forms using derivatives of the numerator and denominator.

  • Category: calculus
  • Added: 2026-03-23

Lagrange Multipliers

Visualize how the gradient of the objective function aligns with the gradient of the constraint function at extreme points.

  • Category: calculus
  • Added: 2026-03-25

Law of Large Numbers

The sample average converges to the expected value as the number of trials increases.

  • Category: probability
  • Added: 2026-03-19

LC Oscillator Circuit

Simulate the continuous exchange of energy between an inductor and a capacitor in an ideal LC circuit.

  • Category: physics
  • Added: 2026-03-24

Learning Rate Schedules

Visualize how learning rate decay schedules impact optimization convergence and stability.

  • Category: ml
  • Added: 2026-03-23

Least Norm Solution

Find the minimum energy solution to an underdetermined system of linear equations.

  • Category: linear-algebra
  • Added: 2026-03-24

Least Squares Approximation

Explore how least squares approximation fits a line to data points by minimizing the sum of squared residuals.

  • Category: linear-algebra
  • Added: 2026-03-21

Lens & Mirror Optics

Visualize how converging and diverging lenses and mirrors form images using ray tracing and the thin lens equation.

  • Category: physics
  • Added: 2026-03-23

Line Integrals

Visualize the calculation of work done by a vector field along various parametric paths.

  • Category: calculus
  • Added: 2026-03-23

Linear Regression

Fitting a line to data by minimizing the sum of squared residuals.

  • Category: ml
  • Added: 2026-03-18

Linear Transformations

Visualizing 2D transformations via matrix operations.

  • Category: linear-algebra
  • Added: 2026-03-18

Linked List Operations

Visualize dynamic memory allocation through node insertion, deletion, and traversal.

  • Category: cs
  • Added: 2026-03-20

Lissajous Figures

Visualize complex harmonic motion through parametric equations.

  • Category: physics
  • Added: 2026-03-19

Logistic Map & Chaos

Exploring bifurcation and deterministic chaos.

  • Category: calculus
  • Added: 2025-03-17

LRU Cache

Visualize the Least Recently Used (LRU) cache eviction policy.

  • Category: cs
  • Added: 2026-03-23

LSTM & Gated Units

Visualize the internal workings of an LSTM cell and its gating mechanisms.

  • Category: ml
  • Added: 2026-03-25

Magnetic Field Visualization

Visualize the magnetic field lines generated by straight current-carrying wires.

  • Category: physics
  • Added: 2026-03-23

Mandelbrot Set

A famous fractal generated from a simple equation in the complex plane.

  • Category: calculus
  • Added: 2024-03-01

Markov Chain Monte Carlo

Visualize the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm sampling from complex distributions.

  • Category: probability
  • Added: 2026-03-22

Markov Chains

Visualize state transitions, probability distributions, and steady states in stochastic systems.

  • Category: linear-algebra
  • Added: 2026-03-22

Matrix Exponential

Visualize the continuous evolution of systems using the matrix exponential.

  • Category: linear-algebra
  • Added: 2026-03-24

Matrix Multiplication

Visualize how 2x2 matrices transform space and combine through multiplication.

  • Category: linear-algebra
  • Added: 2024-05-24

Matrix Norms & Condition Number

Visualize how matrix norms measure size and condition number affects numerical stability.

  • Category: linear-algebra
  • Added: 2026-03-24

Maximum Likelihood Estimation

Find the parameters of a probability distribution that best explain the observed data.

  • Category: probability
  • Added: 2026-03-20

Mean Value Theorem

Visualizing how secant lines relate to tangent lines for continuous and differentiable functions.

  • Category: calculus
  • Added: 2026-03-23

Mini-Batch Gradient Descent

Optimize parameters efficiently by estimating gradients on small data batches.

  • Category: ml
  • Added: 2026-03-23

Minimum Spanning Tree

Visualize Kruskal's algorithm finding the minimum spanning tree of an edge-weighted graph.

  • Category: cs
  • Added: 2026-03-23

Mixture of Experts

Visualize how a gating network routes inputs to specialized expert networks to form a combined prediction.

  • Category: ml
  • Added: 2026-03-25

Moment Generating Functions

Visualize moment generating functions for different probability distributions and see how they derive moments.

  • Category: probability
  • Added: 2026-03-24

Moment of Inertia

Explore how mass distribution affects rotational inertia and angular acceleration.

  • Category: physics
  • Added: 2026-03-22

Monte Carlo Simulation

Estimating Pi using random points in a circle.

  • Category: probability
  • Added: 2025-03-18

Moore-Penrose Pseudoinverse

Visualize how the Moore-Penrose pseudoinverse finds the least squares solution for linear systems.

  • Category: linear-algebra
  • Added: 2026-03-25

Multivariable Chain Rule

Visualize the multivariable chain rule showing how changes in independent variables propagate to the dependent variable.

  • Category: calculus
  • Added: 2026-03-24

Naive Bayes Classifier

Interactively explore how a Naive Bayes classifier learns probabilities and makes predictions.

  • Category: ml
  • Added: 2026-03-20

Network Flow (Max-Flow)

Visualize how the maximum flow in a network is calculated using augmenting paths.

  • Category: cs
  • Added: 2026-03-24

Neural Network Learning

Understanding forward propagation, backpropagation, and weight updates in artificial neural networks.

  • Category: ml
  • Added: 2026-03-19

Normalization Techniques

Compare and visualize various data normalization and scaling techniques used in machine learning.

  • Category: ml
  • Added: 2026-03-24

Null Space & Column Space

Visualize the null space, column space, and rank-nullity theorem of a 2x2 transformation matrix.

  • Category: linear-algebra
  • Added: 2026-03-22

Numerical Integration

Visualizing Riemann sums, Trapezoidal, and Simpson's rules to approximate definite integrals.

  • Category: calculus
  • Added: 2024-03-24

Optimization Landscape

Visualize gradient descent path finding minimums on 2D contour loss surfaces.

  • Category: ml
  • Added: 2026-03-22

Orbital Mechanics

Simulate planetary orbits using Newtonian gravity.

  • Category: physics
  • Added: 2026-03-19

Order Statistics

Visualize the distribution of the k-th smallest value in a sample of size n.

  • Category: probability
  • Added: 2026-03-23

Orthogonal Projections

Visualize orthogonal projections of vectors onto subspaces and compute projection matrices.

  • Category: linear-algebra
  • Added: 2026-03-23

PCA (Dimensionality Reduction)

Find the principal axes that maximize variance and project data into a lower-dimensional space.

  • Category: ml
  • Added: 2026-03-21

Perceptron

Visualize the Perceptron algorithm learning a linear decision boundary.

  • Category: ml
  • Added: 2025-12-31

Photoelectric Effect

Experiment with different light wavelengths and target metals to observe the ejection of photoelectrons.

  • Category: physics
  • Added: 2026-03-24

Polar & Spherical Coordinates

Visualize and explore polar and spherical coordinate systems and their transformations to Cartesian coordinates.

  • Category: calculus
  • Added: 2026-03-24

Polarization of Light

Visualize the polarization of electromagnetic waves including linear, circular, and elliptical states.

  • Category: physics
  • Added: 2026-03-24

Positive Definite Matrices

Visualize positive definite matrices and their quadratic forms.

  • Category: linear-algebra
  • Added: 2026-03-23

Power Analysis

Visualize statistical power, Type II error (β), and their relationship with effect size, sample size, and significance level.

  • Category: probability
  • Added: 2026-03-24

Power Iteration Method

Visualize the power iteration algorithm converging to the dominant eigenvector.

  • Category: linear-algebra
  • Added: 2026-03-23

Power Series Convergence

Visualize how the sequence of partial sums behaves inside and outside the radius of convergence.

  • Category: calculus
  • Added: 2026-03-22

Prime Number Patterns

Visualize the distribution and underlying order of prime numbers using the Ulam spiral.

  • Category: probability
  • Added: 2026-03-23

Probability Distributions

Exploring continuous probability density functions and their parameters.

  • Category: probability
  • Added: 2026-03-18

Projectile Motion

Simulating parabolic trajectories under gravity.

  • Category: physics
  • Added: 2025-03-17

QR Decomposition

Visualize the decomposition of a matrix into orthogonal and upper triangular components.

  • Category: linear-algebra
  • Added: 2026-03-22

Quantum Tunneling

Visualize a quantum wave packet tunneling through a potential barrier.

  • Category: physics
  • Added: 2026-03-25

Queueing Theory (M/M/1)

Visualize an M/M/1 queue with adjustable arrival and service rates.

  • Category: probability
  • Added: 2026-03-24

Rabin-Karp String Search

Visualize the rolling hash and matching process of the Rabin-Karp algorithm.

  • Category: cs
  • Added: 2026-03-24

Radix Sort

Visualize how integer arrays are sorted digit by digit using counting sort as a subroutine.

  • Category: cs
  • Added: 2026-03-25

Random Walk

Visualize a 1D random walk over time.

  • Category: probability
  • Added: 2024-05-24

Rank & Nullity Theorem

Visualize how 3D transformations split space into image and kernel dimensions.

  • Category: linear-algebra
  • Added: 2026-03-23

RC & RL Circuits

Simulate resistor-capacitor and resistor-inductor circuit responses over time.

  • Category: physics
  • Added: 2026-03-24

Red-Black Tree

Visualize self-balancing binary search trees through nodes and recoloring.

  • Category: cs
  • Added: 2026-03-23

Regular Expression Engine

Visualize how regular expressions are parsed and evaluated against text strings.

  • Category: cs
  • Added: 2026-03-22

Rejection Sampling

Generate samples from a complex target distribution by using a scaled, simpler proposal distribution.

  • Category: probability
  • Added: 2026-03-24

Relativistic Effects

Visualize time dilation and length contraction as a spaceship approaches the speed of light.

  • Category: physics
  • Added: 2026-03-24

Residual Connections

Visualize how skip connections help mitigate the vanishing gradient problem in deep networks.

  • Category: ml
  • Added: 2026-03-24

Residue Theorem

Evaluate complex contour integrals by summing enclosed pole residues.

  • Category: calculus
  • Added: 2026-03-25

Riemann Zeta Function

Visualizing the path of the Riemann Zeta Function in the complex plane.

  • Category: calculus
  • Added: 2026-03-19

ROC Curve & AUC

Visualize True Positives, False Positives, and trade-offs in binary classification.

  • Category: probability
  • Added: 2026-03-24

Rolle's Theorem

Visualize finding points where the derivative is zero for a function with equal endpoints.

  • Category: calculus
  • Added: 2026-03-24

RSA Encryption

Visualizes RSA key generation, modular exponentiation, and the flow between public and private key encryption/decryption.

  • Category: cs
  • Added: 2026-03-20

Rutherford Scattering

Visualize alpha particle scattering by a heavy nucleus to demonstrate the nuclear model of the atom.

  • Category: physics
  • Added: 2026-03-25

Schur Decomposition

Visualize Schur decomposition as the orthogonal transformation of a matrix into upper triangular form.

  • Category: linear-algebra
  • Added: 2026-03-25

Segment Tree

Visualize how segment trees enable efficient range queries and point updates in logarithmic time.

  • Category: cs
  • Added: 2026-03-24

Sequences & Series Convergence

Visualize the convergence of sequences and series, exploring conditions for a limit to exist.

  • Category: calculus
  • Added: 2026-03-23

Simple Harmonic Motion

Visualize simple harmonic motion of a spring-mass system with adjustable parameters.

  • Category: physics
  • Added: 2026-03-24

Skip List

Visualize multi-level linked list operations with probabilistic balancing.

  • Category: cs
  • Added: 2026-03-23

Spectral Theorem

Visualize how symmetric matrices are guaranteed to have real eigenvalues and orthogonal eigenvectors.

  • Category: linear-algebra
  • Added: 2026-03-23

Stack & Queue

Fundamental linear data structures enforcing LIFO and FIFO access patterns.

  • Category: cs
  • Added: 2026-03-19

Stokes' Theorem

Visualize the relationship between the surface integral of the curl of a vector field over a surface and the line integral of the field around its boundary.

  • Category: calculus
  • Added: 2026-03-23

Suffix Array

Visualize suffix sorting, lexicographical ordering, and efficient substring searching using an array of suffix indices.

  • Category: cs
  • Added: 2026-03-25

Support Vector Machine

Visualize how a linear SVM learns a maximum-margin decision boundary using gradient descent on hinge loss.

  • Category: ml
  • Added: 2026-03-19

Surface Integrals

Visualize the computation of flux for vector fields across parametrized 3D surfaces.

  • Category: calculus
  • Added: 2026-03-24

Survival Analysis

Estimate time-to-event outcomes using the Kaplan-Meier estimator.

  • Category: probability
  • Added: 2026-03-23

SVD Decomposition

Visualize Singular Value Decomposition as a sequence of rotation, scaling, and rotation transformations.

  • Category: linear-algebra
  • Added: 2026-03-23

Systems of Linear Equations

Visualizing the intersection and solution of multiple linear equations.

  • Category: linear-algebra
  • Added: 2026-03-19

t-SNE Visualization

Reduce high-dimensional data into a low-dimensional map by matching pairwise probability distributions.

  • Category: ml
  • Added: 2026-03-24

Taylor Series

Approximating functions with polynomials.

  • Category: calculus
  • Added: 2025-03-17

Tensor Operations

Visualize tensor contractions and transformations on multi-dimensional matrices.

  • Category: linear-algebra
  • Added: 2026-03-23

Thermodynamics (Ideal Gas)

Visualize the relationship between pressure, volume, temperature, and amount of an ideal gas.

  • Category: physics
  • Added: 2026-03-20

Topological Sort

Visualize Kahn's algorithm and DFS for finding linear orderings of directed acyclic graphs.

  • Category: cs
  • Added: 2026-03-21

Torque & Rotational Dynamics

Visualize how applied force, lever arm radius, and application angle create torque and rotational acceleration.

  • Category: physics
  • Added: 2026-03-23

Transformer Architecture

Visualize the core components and connectivity of a Transformer encoder block.

  • Category: ml
  • Added: 2026-03-23

Trie (Prefix Tree)

Visualize string insertion, exact matching, and prefix search operations within a Trie data structure.

  • Category: cs
  • Added: 2026-03-22

Uniform Convergence

Visualize the difference between pointwise and uniform convergence of function sequences.

  • Category: calculus
  • Added: 2026-03-25

Union-Find (Disjoint Set)

Visualize how the Union-Find data structure efficiently tracks and merges disjoint sets.

  • Category: cs
  • Added: 2026-03-23

Variational Autoencoder

Visualize the encoding of data into a probabilistic latent space and its reconstruction.

  • Category: ml
  • Added: 2026-03-25

Vector Spaces

Vector Spaces

  • Category: linear-algebra
  • Added: 2026-03-19

Wave Interference

Visualizing constructive and destructive interference from two point sources.

  • Category: physics
  • Added: 2026-03-18

Word Embedding (Word2Vec)

Simulate training 2D word vectors using the Skip-gram architecture with Negative Sampling.

  • Category: ml
  • Added: 2026-03-22